Mental Health Training for Public Safety
One in four people in the world will be affected by a mental or neurological disorder at some point in their lives. Around 450 million people currently suffer from such conditions, placing mental disorders among the leading causes of ill-health and disability worldwide. Treatments are available, but 56% of American adults with a mental illness do not receive treatment. As I previously wrote, stigma, silence, and neglect prevent care and treatment from reaching people with mental disorders and often leads to suicide.There has been a stigma in law enforcement community because there is a lack of ability to understand and recognize the signs and symptoms of the different illnesses or education of such. On the flip side, when a law enforcement officer themselves are dealing with a mental disorder they are made to feel as though they cannot speak about if for fear of losing their career. The current focus on law enforcement’s response to mental health and substance abuse-related issues and increasing demand for more training seem to often lead to more questions than answers. There is a question as to whether more training is needed to address the growing problem. The issue is further problematic because, historically, law enforcement and behavioral health have functioned independently. Recent events make it clear that community behavioral health needs to play a critical role in public safety.While mental health professionals and law enforcement in some circumstances work together, we need to more effective and consistent with those efforts. Two of the most widely discussed mental health/crisis training programs geared toward law enforcement are Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) for Public Safety and Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs. Both programs have strengths and are frequently offered to law-enforcement agencies as solutions. At the same time, both are often misunderstood. Both are needed.Mental Health First Aid for Public Safety is an eight-hour codified training curriculum, specifically modified to address the law enforcement population and provide a general awareness of mental health issues. The course teaches a 5-step action plan encompassing the skills, resources, and knowledge to help an individual in crisis connect with appropriate professional, peer, and self-help care. Participants learn the unique risk factors and warning signs of mental health problems, builds understanding of the importance of early intervention, and, most importantly, teaches individuals how to help someone in crisis or experiencing a mental health challenge. This evidence-based best practice, run by the National Council for Behavioral Health, provides an overview of psychiatric disorders, suicide, and intervention strategies. In addition, MHFA for Public Safety helps the officers with defusing crises, promoting mental health literacy, combating the stigma of mental illness, enable early intervention through recognition of signs and symptoms, and connecting people, as well as fellow officers, to care.Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs, includes a 40-hour Advanced Officer Training component, which delves deeply into topics and brings the face of consumers directly into the classroom. CIT is a large-scale community collaborative program and law enforcement training is just one component. Partnership with the community’s public health system is central to CIT. Fostering functional partnerships improves safety in the community and provides an opportunity for diversion into treatment for distressed individuals, leading to long-term solutions and recovery. Without these relationships, there are missed opportunities due to a lack of meaningful engagement between partners. Understanding that CIT programs are the foundation for developing meaningful collaborations with community behavioral health services, and not merely training for police is key to bridging this gap.The National Council has long believed that Mental Health First Aid is not a replacement for CIT. Mental Health First Aid for Public Safety should be incorporated into an existing CIT program as an enhancement and not a replacement.The CIT program is proven most effective when experienced officers attend voluntarily. Training 20-25% of a department’s uniformed patrol officers in CIT normally constitutes adequate coverage. Ideally, in addition to specialized CIT response, all uniformed officers possess some basic level of mental health awareness training. It is not necessary nor possible due to budgetary constraints to require that all officers attend the intensive, full week long training; Mental Health First Aid for Public Safety provides adequate exposure to mental health awareness in an eight hour course. Providing department-wide Mental Health First Aid for Public Safety training during in-service, academy, or other times, is an effective complement to a CIT program. In addition to demonstrating a commitment to ensuring that an entire department has a minimum standard of mental health understanding, Mental Health First Aid for Public Safety can serve as a catalyst for officers to attend CIT training in the future, while it improves the overall commitment to quality care for those experiencing mental health disorders.Chief Jamie Evans of Village of Roscoe understands the importance of Mental Health First Aid so much that she went through the training herself to become a certified instructor for the course just as I did. Together we now co-instruct Mental Health First Aid together to the general public as well as public safety officers. The Roscoe Police Department strives to have all officers trained in Mental Health First Aid and re-certifies every three years. Jamie shares that Mental Health First Aid not only has helped their department with assisting the public, but with having a deeper empathy for individuals experiencing mental health crisis’s and their families with better understanding. Jamie believes with the call volumes increasing for mental health and suicide, public safety officers not being trained in Mental Health First Aid is a disservice to us all. It’s individuals like Chief Jamie Evans who saw a need and stepped up to become part of the solution that help make a powerful impact. Her willingness to train her officers has lead to improved outcomes for individuals living with mental illness in our community. We have to continue to work to bridge the gap between those living with mental illness and public safety to improve the outcomes in our community. Resources used for this article: National Council for Behavioral Health website